John Varley was an English artist born in Hackney, London, on August 17, 1778. He was primarily known for his watercolor landscapes and as one of the founders of the Old Watercolour Society, now known as the Royal Watercolour Society. Varley was also an influential teacher, with pupils including David Cox and Copley Fielding among others.
Varley's early life was marked by struggle and poverty. Despite the financial challenges, he managed to develop his artistic talents, studying under Joseph Charles Barrow and later with Thomas Hearne. His first exhibition was in London in 1798, and he quickly gained recognition for his works. Varley's paintings often depicted the English countryside, and he was particularly noted for his atmospheric effects and skilled use of light.
Throughout his career, Varley remained a central figure in the London art scene. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Old Watercolour Society in 1804 and exhibited regularly at its shows. Varley's teaching and theoretical approaches to watercolor painting also contributed significantly to the medium's development during the 19th century.
Apart from his artistic achievements, John Varley was also interested in astrology and other esoteric studies. He published a book on astrology and was known to create horoscopes for his friends and fellow artists.
Varley's later years continued to be marked by financial difficulties, and he was declared bankrupt twice. Despite these setbacks, he continued to paint and teach until his death in London on November 17, 1842. Today, Varley is remembered not only for his contributions to the art of watercolor but also for his influence on a generation of British landscape painters.
