Mather Brown was an American-born portrait and historical painter who spent much of his career in England. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on October 11, 1761, he was one of the first American artists to study in London. He trained under the American expatriate artist Benjamin West, who was then the historical painter to King George III. Brown's training with West gave him access to the classical and historical subjects that were favored by the British aristocracy at the time.
After establishing his studio in London, Brown gained recognition for his portrait work, which included notable figures such as Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, both of whom he painted when they served as American envoys in London. His work is characterized by a strong use of light and shadow, and a commitment to realism that was influenced by his teacher, West. He was also known for his historical paintings, which often depicted scenes from British and European history.
Despite his early success, Brown's later career was plagued by financial difficulties. He struggled to compete with more fashionable painters of his time, and his prominence waned. His attempts to gain membership in the Royal Academy were repeatedly rejected, which also contributed to his professional struggles.
Brown never married and lived a somewhat isolated life. He continued painting until his death in London on May 25, 1831. Today, his works are held in various collections, including the National Portrait Gallery in London, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. His contribution to portraiture and historical painting during the late 18th century is recognized for its importance in bridging American and European artistic traditions.
